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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dun Echt Observatory</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox float-right toccolours toptextcells" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Observatorium" summary="Infobox Observatorium" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 25em; font-size: 90%; text-align:left;">
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<th colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe5" style="font-size: 1.2em; text-align:center;">Dun Echt Observatory
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <p style="text-align:center;"><a href="Dunecht_House" title="Dunecht House">Dunecht House</a></p>
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<td style="font-weight:bold;">Gründung
</td>
<td>1872
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">Bestehen
</td>
<td>1872–1892
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="Liste_der_Sternwarten-Codes" title="Liste der Sternwarten-Codes">IAU-Code</a>
</td>
<td>972
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">Typ
</td>
<td><a href="Sternwarte" title="Sternwarte">Sternwarte</a>
</td></tr>


<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">Koordinaten
</td>
<td><span id="Dun_Echt_Observatory" class="coordinates -print"><a class="external text" href="geo:57.160917,-2.413222"><span title="Breitengrad">57°&nbsp;9′&nbsp;39,3″&nbsp;<abbr title="Nord">N</abbr></span>, <span title="Längengrad">2°&nbsp;24′&nbsp;47,6″&nbsp;<abbr title="West">W</abbr></span></a></span><span class="geo noexcerpt" style="display:none"><span class="body"></span><span class="latitude">57.160917</span><span class="longitude">-2.413222</span><span class="elevation"></span></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="font-weight:bold;">Ort
</td>
<td><a href="Dunecht" title="Dunecht">Dunecht</a>
</td></tr>







</tbody></table>
<p>Das <b>Dun Echt Observatory</b> (deutsch <b>Dun-Echt-Observatorium</b>) war ein <a href="Observatorium" title="Observatorium">Observatorium</a> in <a href="Dunecht" title="Dunecht">Dunecht</a>, <a href="Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a>. Es wurde betrieben von 1872 bis 1892 als die Ausrüstung für das neue <a href="Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh" title="Royal Observatory Edinburgh">königliche Observatorium</a> in <a href="Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> verwendet wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-Brück_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brück-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>
<p>In 1872 errichtete <a href="David_Gill_(Astronom)" title="David Gill (Astronom)">David Gill</a> im Auftrag von <a href="James_Lindsay%2C_26._Earl_of_Crawford" title="James Lindsay, 26. Earl of Crawford">James Lindsay, 26. Earl of Crawford</a> und seinem Vater Alexander Lindsay, 25. Earl of Crawford in <a href="Dunecht_House" title="Dunecht House">Dunecht House</a> das Dun Echt Observatory (an einigen Stellen auch <i>Lord Crawford’s Observatory</i> genannt).<sup id="cite_ref-DunEchtCircular97-98_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunEchtCircular97-98-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Gill leitete das Observatorium bis 1876, als er eine Reise unternahm zur Insel <a href="Ascension" title="Ascension">Ascension</a> für astronomische Studien. Dort wurde er über seine Ernennung als <i>Her Majesty’s Astronomer</i> an das <a href="Royal_Observatory%2C_Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope">königlichen Observatorium</a> am <a href="Kap_der_Guten_Hoffnung" title="Kap der Guten Hoffnung">Kap der Guten Hoffnung</a> informiert.
</p><p>Auf Gill folgte <a href="Ralph_Copeland" title="Ralph Copeland">Ralph Copeland</a> als leitender Astronom. Copeland behielt diese Position inne bis James Lindsay alle Instrumente und die gesamte Bibliothek an Astronomischer Literatur der <a href="The_University_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Edinburgh">Universität von Edinburgh</a> spendete mit der Bedingung, dass das dortige <a href="Royal_Observatory_Edinburgh" title="Royal Observatory Edinburgh">Observatorium</a> erhalten bliebe.<sup id="cite_ref-Brück_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brück-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bibliothek_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bibliothek-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copeland wurde zum <a href="Astronomer_Royal_for_Scotland" title="Astronomer Royal for Scotland">königlichen Astronomen von Schottland</a> ernannt und Professor in <a href="Astronomie" title="Astronomie">Astronomie</a> in Edinburgh. Eine seiner ersten Arbeiten war, das neue Observatorium auf dem Blackford Hill in Edinburgh zu errichten.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronomische_Arbeiten_am_Dun_Echt_Observatory">Astronomische Arbeiten am Dun Echt Observatory</h2></div>
<p>Bereits 1870 organisierte James Lindsay eine Expedition nach <a href="C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> um die Totale <a href="Sonnenfinsternis" title="Sonnenfinsternis">Sonnenfinsternis</a> im Dezember dieses Jahres zu beobachten. Dazu wurde auf dem Weingut <i>Le Maria Luisa</i> ein temporäres Observatorium und ein Dunkelraum eingerichtet.<sup id="cite_ref-Haley_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1872 Beginn bau des Observatoriums und Instrumentierung durch David Gill und James Lindsay.
</p><p>1874 Expedition nach <a href="Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> ans Royal Alfred Observatory um den <a href="Venustransit#1874" title="Venustransit">Venustransit</a> im Dezember zu beobachten, da die Sichtbarkeit von <a href="Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> aus ungünstig war. Gill schlug dazu vor die Ergebnisse der Deutschen Expedition, ebenfalls nach Mauritius, mit Hilfe der <a href="Triangulation_(Messtechnik)" title="Triangulation (Messtechnik)">Triangulation</a> zu kombinieren, um ein besseres Resultat zu erhalten.<sup id="cite_ref-Haley_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Am Dun Echt Observatory wurde zu dieser Zeit viele <a href="Astrophysik" title="Astrophysik">astrophysikalischen Forschungen</a> betrieben. Viele Beobachtungen der <a href="Spektroskopie" title="Spektroskopie">Spektren</a> von <a href="Komet" title="Komet">Kometen</a>, <a href="Stern" title="Stern">Sternen</a> und <a href="Nebel_(Astronomie)" title="Nebel (Astronomie)">Nebeln</a> wurden erstellt. Die Beobachtungen wurden in den <i>Dun Echt Circulars</i> veröffentlicht. Die letzte dieser Ausgabe, Nr. 179, wurde am 29. Januar 1890 herausgegeben.<sup id="cite_ref-Fellows_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellows-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DunEchtCircular97-98_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunEchtCircular97-98-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Größere Publikationen waren die <i>Dun Echt Observatory Publications, Volume I &amp; II</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DunEchtVII_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DunEchtVII-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumente">Instrumente</h2></div>
<ul><li>8-1/2-Zoll-<a href="Meridiankreis" title="Meridiankreis">Meridiankreis</a> von <a href="Troughton_%26_Simms" title="Troughton &amp; Simms">Troughton und Simms</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fellows_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellows-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haley_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>15-Zoll-<a href="Refraktor-Teleskop" class="mw-redirect" title="Refraktor-Teleskop">Refraktor</a> von <a href="Sir_Howard_Grubb%2C_Parsons_and_Co." title="Sir Howard Grubb, Parsons and Co.">Grubb</a> mit <a href="Georg_Merz_(Optiker)" title="Georg Merz (Optiker)">Merz</a> <a href="Prisma_(Optik)" title="Prisma (Optik)">Glasprisma</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fellows_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellows-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haley_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>6-Zoll-Refraktor von <a href="T._Cooke_%26_Sons" title="T. Cooke &amp; Sons">Cooke</a><sup id="cite_ref-Haley_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>12-Zoll-Spiegelteleskop (von Gill)<sup id="cite_ref-Haley_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="Heliometer" title="Heliometer">Heliometer</a> mit einer Blende von 107 mm (4,2 Zoll) und einer Brennweite von 1,6 m (5,3 Zoll) von <a href="A._Repsold_%26_S%C3%B6hne" title="A. Repsold &amp; Söhne">A. Repsold &amp; Söhne</a>, <a href="Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Willach_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willach-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haley_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Astronomen">Astronomen</h2></div>
<p>Folgende <a href="Astronom" title="Astronom">Astronomen</a> haben am Dun Echt Observatory gearbeitet:<sup id="cite_ref-Fellows_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fellows-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="David_Gill_(Astronom)" title="David Gill (Astronom)">David Gill</a> 1872–1876</li>
<li><a href="Ralph_Copeland" title="Ralph Copeland">Ralph Copeland</a> 1876–1892</li>
<li><a href="J._Gerhard_Lohse" title="J. Gerhard Lohse">Jakob Gerhard Lohse</a> 1877–1884</li>
<li><a href="Ludwig_Becker_(Astronom)" title="Ludwig Becker (Astronom)">Ludwig Becker</a> 1885–1888</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li><cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Crawford, Earls of</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></cite>. 11. Auflage. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>7</span>: <span style="font-style:italic;">Constantine Pavlovich – Demidov</span>. London 1910, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>384–386</span> (englisch, <a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/en:1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Crawford,_Earls_of" class="extiw external" title="s:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Crawford, Earls of">Volltext</a> [<a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Dun+Echt+Observatory&amp;rft.atitle=Crawford%2C+Earls+of&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.date=1910&amp;rft.edition=11.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=384-386&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.volume=Band+7%3A+Constantine+Pavlovich+-+Demidov" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li>H. P. H.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Copeland, Ralph</cite>. In: <a href="Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Sidney Lee</a> (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></cite>. Suppl. 2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>1</span>: <i>Abbey – Eyre</i>. MacMillan&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Co., Smith, Elder&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Co., New York City / London 1912, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>411–413</span> (englisch, <a href="https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1912_supplement/Copeland,_Ralph" class="extiw external" title="s:en:Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Copeland, Ralph">Volltext</a> [<a href="Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Dun+Echt+Observatory&amp;rft.atitle=Copeland%2C+Ralph&amp;rft.au=H.+P.+H.&amp;rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&amp;rft.date=1912&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=411-413&amp;rft.place=New+York+City+%2F+London&amp;rft.pub=MacMillan+%26+Co.%2C+Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co.&amp;rft.volume=Suppl.+2%2C+Band+1%3A+Abbey+-+Eyre" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/321138/view/dunecht-observatory-scotland">Dunecht Observatory, Scotland.</a> sciencephoto.com (englisch).</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=%20full%3A%22Dun%20Echt%20Observatory%22&amp;sort=date%20desc%2C%20bibcode%20desc&amp;p_=0">Veröffentlichungen von und über Dun Echt Observatory.</a> astrophysics data system (englisch).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Brück-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brück_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Brück_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite">A. H. Brück: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/pdf/download/eid/1-s2.0-0083665692900274/first-page-pdf"><i>Lord Crawford’s Observatory at Dun Echt.</i></a> (PDF) In: <i>sciencedirect.com.</i> Department of Astronomy, University of Edinburgh,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 31.&nbsp;Januar 2021</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ADun+Echt+Observatory&amp;rft.title=Lord+Crawford%E2%80%99s+Observatory+at+Dun+Echt&amp;rft.description=Lord+Crawford%E2%80%99s+Observatory+at+Dun+Echt&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fsdfe%2Fpdf%2Fdownload%2Feid%2F1-s2.0-0083665692900274%2Ffirst-page-pdf&amp;rft.creator=A.+H.+Br%C3%BCck&amp;rft.publisher=Department+of+Astronomy%2C+University+of+Edinburgh&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DunEchtCircular97-98-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DunEchtCircular97-98_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DunEchtCircular97-98_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
Ralph Copeland: <i>Dun Echt Circulars</i>. <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1885AReg...23..248C">1885AReg...23..248C</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bibliothek-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bibliothek_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
<span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roe.ac.uk/roe/library/crawford/"><i>The Crawford collection at the Royal Observatory Edinburgh.</i></a> In: <i>roe.ac.uk.</i> Royal Observatory Edinburgh,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 31.&nbsp;Januar 2021</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ADun+Echt+Observatory&amp;rft.title=The+Crawford+collection+at+the+Royal+Observatory+Edinburgh&amp;rft.description=The+Crawford+collection+at+the+Royal+Observatory+Edinburgh&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roe.ac.uk%2Froe%2Flibrary%2Fcrawford%2F&amp;rft.publisher=Royal+Observatory+Edinburgh&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Haley-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_4-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_4-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_4-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_4-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_4-4">e</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_4-5">f</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Haley_4-6">g</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
P. A. Haley: <i>David Gill: clock maker to global astronomer</i>. S. 50 ff.; <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AntAs...8...46H">2014AntAs...8...46H</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fellows-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fellows_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fellows_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fellows_5-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Fellows_5-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">
<i>Obituary Notices: Fellows: – Crawford, Earl of</i>. In: <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, Vol. 74, S. 271; <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1914MNRAS..74..271.">1914MNRAS..74..271.</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DunEchtVII-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DunEchtVII_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Lord Lindsay, D Gill: <i>Mauritius Expedition Div. I. Determination of the solar parallax by observations of Juno; and description of heliometer</i>. In: <i>Dun Echt Observatory Publications</i>, Vol. II; <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1877MNRAS..38...86L">1877MNRAS..38...86L</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Willach-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Willach_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Rolf Willach: <i>The Heliometer: Instrument for Gauging Distances in Space</i>. S. 12–13; <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JATSo..26....5W">2004JATSo..26....5W</a></span>
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